house

house, dwelling, family, home, residence

这五个词都有“家,家庭,家宅”的意思。它们的区别在于:home指某人出生以及成长的环境或与某人一起居住的地方; dwelling为文学用语,用以同商店、办公室及其他建筑物相区别的住宅; family指的是家庭成员,与居住地无关; house强调人们居住的建筑物本身; residence常指周围大片土地的宅邸,也可指普通的房屋,尤其是自己的住宅。例如:

There's nothing like home.哪儿也没有家里好。

Their clothes were in rags and their dwellings were small and poorly furnished.他们衣衫褴褛,住房狭小,家具简陋。

Because our family is happy and healthy we reckon ourselves fortunate.因为我们一家人幸福健康,我们认为我们是幸运的。

She offered to help Rose in house keeping when I was not here.我不在时,她主动帮助露丝料理家务。

Buy a house, build a home.买一所房子,安一个家。

The President's residence is the White House in Washington,D.C.总统的官邸是华盛顿特区的白宫。

下面各组中短语的意思不同:

keep house 料理家务

keep one's house (在某地)居住

keep the house 呆在家里

keep open house 好客

keep the house open 没有闩门

House Full (戏院等的告示)客满

full houses 场场爆满

house, board, harbour, lodge, room, shelter

这组词用作动词时,都有“寄住”的意思。它们的区别是：

1.room指“给…提供一个房间住”,仅供睡觉,不包括餐饮与娱乐。

2.house指“遮蔽以免受气候等侵袭”(提供有顶盖、有墙、像房屋般的遮蔽)。例如:

Many villagers volunteered to house the flood victims.许多村民自愿为水灾难民提供住处。

3.board主要指“提供膳宿; 包食宿”,而且通常指收费的。例如:

My aunt boards holidaymakers during the summer.夏天我的姨母收费给度假的人提供膳宿。

She arranged to board some Chinese students from the university.她安排了这所大学的一些中国学生在她家食宿。

Mrs. Jones makes a living by boarding students.琼斯太太靠给学生们提供食宿为生。

4.shelter指“庇护,遮蔽”,暗示提供庇护场所,使人免受风雨、轰炸等伤害。例如:

Many southerners sheltered runaway slaves during the Civil War.南北战争之时,许多南方人保护过逃跑的奴隶。

You can't shelter your brother from blame in the accident.在这次事故中,你无法庇护你的弟弟免受责备。

5.lodge指“给某人提供一个地方暂住”。例如:

They lodged the wanderers for the night.他们为流浪汉提供住宿。

The motel lodges thirty people a night.汽车旅馆一夜可为30个人提供住宿。

6.harbour指“为…提供安身场所”,主要指通过不法的手段来“窝藏”,是一种违反法律的行为,常用作贬义词。例如:

Harbouring criminals is an offence in law.窝藏罪犯是违法的。