In this thesis, we focus on fair exchange protocols and their applications in electronic contract. The primary research is summarized as follows: ① Characteristic and applicable scope of Automatic execution protocol, arbitration protocol and arbitrament protocol are summarized.

Although "one arbitrament two trial" labor dispute processing system plays a major role in the maintenance of public order and economic development, the processing mode have been reproached widely because of system multifarious and low efficiency.

虽然，当前我国一裁二审的劳资纠纷处理模式在维护社会秩序和促进经济发展中，发挥了重大的作用，但是这一处理模式却因为体制繁杂、效率不高而受到广泛的非议。

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The European Commission is reviewing the suit, and will release its arbitrament with regard to application for temporary anti-dumping measures no later than mid April.

欧洲委员会目前正对此进行审理，最迟将于4月中旬做出临时反倾销措施的裁决。

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To the claims caused by the deficiency of the contract documents the arbitrament principles is that the one is responsible for the deficiency who can control it better.

对由于合同文件的缺陷引起的索赔，处理的一个基本原则是：合同文件的缺陷责任将归咎于引起和最有能力控制缺陷的一方。

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The result of arbitrament has not been disclosed, as there is little progress in its investigation.

裁决结果如何目前尚未披露，因为对该项事件的调查尚没有太大的进展。

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The last chapter discusses about justice supervision on securities arbitration and arbitrament's enforcement.

第六章论述了证券仲裁的司法监督与裁决的执行。

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However, the reverse and not granted arbitrament are another important content of the judicial supervision.

而仲裁裁决被撤销或者仲裁裁决被不予执行则是司法监督的另一项重要内容。

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The construction claims analysis caused by the deficiency of the contract documents and the arbitrament principles.

合同文件缺陷引起的索赔分析及处理原则。

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The government has prepared to submit the dispute to arbitrament.

政府准备将此争端提请裁决。

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The definition of variation and the corresponding arbitrament principles.

工程变更的定义及处理原则。

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The conflict manager is divided into two parts: conflict detection and conflict arbitrament.

冲突管理主要分为冲突检测和冲突裁决两部分。

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Applications of 3G in the Unit Training Aided Arbitrament System

3G在分队训练辅助裁决系统中的应用

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The procedures include: Bringing up the claim, the sending of the claim data, negotiation, intermediation from the agent, handing over to the arbitrament organization or court.

该程序包括：提出索赔要求，报送索赔资料，谈判协商，邀请中间人调解，提交仲裁机构或法院。

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New York Convention of 1958 prescribes two excuses for the refusal of acknowledgement and enforcing arbitrament: unavailability of arbitration and order public.

8年《纽约公约》规定了拒绝承认和执行仲裁裁决的两条理由：不可仲裁性和公共政策。

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Lyapunov stability analysis method proves that the closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly stable and the tracking error can be made arbitrarily small. ( 2) In order to improve the performance of sliding mode control, sliding mode control method is combined with different kinds of observers.

Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了闭环系统半全局一致稳定以及跟踪误差可以任意小。为了提高滑模控制的性能，将滑模控制方法与观测器的方法相结合。

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By introducing the auxiliary signals and normalized signals with memory functions and appropriate choice of controller parameters, the variable structure controller developed guarantees the global stability of the closed-loop system, and the tracking error can be arbitrarily small.

通过辅助信号和带有记忆功能的正规化信号，并适当选择控制器参数，所提出的变结构控制（VSC）能保证闭环系统的全局稳定性，且跟踪误差可调整到任意小。

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Under the condition that flexible hands can not only restrain objects completely but also provide arbitrarily small motions to the grasped objects, 15 mechanism schemes of practicable flexible hands are discussed and synthesized in this paper.

在柔性手既能完全约束物体又能给予被抓物体任意小运动的条件下，分析综合出15种可行的柔性手机构组成方案。

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A recursive Lyapunov-based design approach is developed to construct H_ ∞ controller, so that the effect from disturbance input to the controlled output in the sense of L_2-gain is arbitrarily small.

基于Lyapunov函数的递推设计方法构造了H∞控制器，使得在L2增益意义下从干扰输入到控制输出的影响任意小。

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We prove that if the node failure probability is fixed, then the connectivity probability of mesh networks can be arbitrarily small when the mesh network size is sufficiently large.

证明了当网络结点出错概率给定时，随着网络规模的增加，Mesh网络的连通概率将任意地趋向无穷小。

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This paper provides a condition and proves the domain in which any two points are joined by finite numbers of arbitrarily small homeomorphisms is path-connected under the condition.

本文给出了一个条件，证明了在此条件下任意小同胚连接区域是道路连通的。

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For any given stable LTI system, we design a simple nonlinear feedback controller with an arbitrarily small maximum magnitude by introducing a new simple sawtooth function.

对于任意一个稳定的线性时不变系统，通过引入新的锯齿函数，设计了一个可以任意小的非线性反馈控制器，使受控系统是Li-Yorke混沌的。

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