apraxia

Apraxia is a deficit in motor planning, existing without muscular weakness or paralysis.

失用症是一种运动规划的缺失，存在于不是肌肉无力就是瘫痪麻痹。

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Apraxia may also primarily affect oral, non-speech movements, like pretending to cough or blow out a candle ( facial apraxia).

失用症可能主要影响口腔、非言语动作，如假装咳嗽或吹熄蜡烛（面部失用）。

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AD's core symptoms are memory disturbance, cognitive handicap, aphasis spatial disorientation, agnosia, apraxia and dyskinesia. The concomitant mental symptoms are apathy of feeling depression, depression, anxiety, hallucination, delusion, personality change and so on.

AD的核心症状主要是记忆障碍、认知障碍、语言障碍、视觉性空间障碍、失认、失用、运动障碍，其伴随的精神症状主要有情感淡漠、抑郁、焦虑幻觉、妄想、人格改变。

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The effect of tactile feedback on pantomime of tool use in apraxia

失用症中使用手势工具对触觉反馈的影响

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Objective To explore the effect of rehabilitation training on agnosia and apraxia of hemiplegic patients.

目的观察康复训练对偏瘫患者失认症和失用症的疗效。

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Conclusion The OT of rehabilitation trainning may improve the apraxia and ADL. Result Instruct the patient to response to the stimulation of cochlear implantation and do hearing-speech rehabilitation via multi-methods.

结论通过OT的康复方法训练患者，对患者的失用现象改善和ADL提高有效。结果①采取多途径、多方式指导患者正确地配合调机和学习听觉言语康复方法，有助于提高康复效果；

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Objective To study the possible mechanism in dressing apraxia.

目的探讨穿衣失用症的可能机制。

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Conclusions In atypical cases, the retraction of the globe in adduction was not obvious and the diagnosis of DRS must be differentiated from the following ocular motility disorders, namely, abducens nerve palsy, Mebius syndrome, congenital oculomotor apraxia and congenital or infantile esotropia.

结论非典型患者内转时，眼球后退不明显，诊断DRS时应与眼球运动异常疾病即外展神经麻痹、Moebius综合征、先天性眼球运动不能和先天性或婴儿型内斜视相鉴别。

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The clinical manifestations are memory disorders, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial disability, damaging of abstract thinking and computing ability, personality and behavioral changing.

临床表现为记忆障碍、失语、失用、失认、视空间能力损害、抽象思维和计算力损害、人格和行为改变。

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The clinical significance and concrete me-thod of functional estimation of non-language, including constructional disorder, hand-finger agnosia, acalculia, disorientation of left and right, apraxia, were further set forth through 20 cases analysis.

通过病例分析进一步阐述了非语言功能（包括结构障碍、手指失认、失算、失左右定向力、失用症）评测的临床意义和具体方法。

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Developmental apraxia of speech

发育性语音失用症

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Type ⅱ variant symptoms were represented as speech expression disorders in 6 children, 5 of them had oral-pharynx apraxia and 3 cases had aphasia.

Ⅱ型变异型症状中，6例患儿有言语表达障碍，其中5例有口咽部失用，3例完全失语。

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Results and Conclusion Character communication can improve the speech of the apraxia of speech.

结果和结论文字交流训练可以改善言语失用患者的言语功能。

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This paper was developed to review recent advances in the study of limb apraxia in order to further understand the nature of this disorder and possible approaches to its interventions.

本篇报告整合及分析肢体性动作失用症具代表性之重要文献，以进一步了解该症状的本质及可能的治疗方式。

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Constructional function of 50 stroke patients and 50 normal adults were evaluated by using a set of assessment of constructional apraxia.

用目前国外较常用的一种结构功能障碍的评测方法，对50例脑卒中患者和50例正常人进行评测。

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The etiology of developmental apraxia of speech involves motor planning problems and it is associated with the level of language development of children.

发育性语音失用症的病因涉及语音的运动计划问题，并与儿童语言发育水平有关。

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Apraxia of speech is a term frequently used by speech pathologists to designate an impairment in the voluntary production of articulation and prosody ( the rhythm and timing) of speech.

言语失用常被言语治疗师用来命名随意言语的清晰度和韵律（节奏和时间）障碍。

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Apraxia as main presentation in corpus callosum infarction

以失用为主要表现的胼胝体梗死

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More often, however, apraxia is not very apparent unless one asks the patient to perform or imitate a pretended action.

但多数情况下，失用症并不十分明显，除非要求患者完成或模仿某一动作。

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Follow-up examination revealed persistent impairment of apraxia and executive functioning, worsening language performance, and preserved memory.

随访调查发现运用不能症和执行功能化的持续受损，不断恶化的语言表现，和记忆保存。

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Apraxia of speech and Dysarthria are other speech disorders that may be confused with aphasia.

有构音障碍和言语失用等，可能会与演讲失常失语。

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Clinicopathological and imaging correlates of progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech

与进行性失语和言语失用相关的临床病理学和影像学改变

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Results 21 of 75 hemiplegic patients had agnosia or apraxia and the positive rate was 28%.

结果75例偏瘫患者有21例存在失认或失用，阳性率为28%。

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Urinary incontinence after stroke is more common, and it was reported abroad that its incidence was 27%~ 58%. It is associated with sex, severity of disease, course of disease, aphasia, apraxia, and unilateral neglect.

卒中后尿失禁比较常见，国外报道发生率为27%～58%，与性别、病情严重程度、病程、失语、失用和单侧忽视有关。

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RESULTS: Of the 17 cases, different degree of buccofacial apraxia was found in all the cases, speech apraxia in 16 cases, and unilateral neglect in 8 cases.

结果：17例都伴有不同程度的口颜面失用，16例伴言语失用，8例伴有单侧空间忽略。

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Objective To observe the effect of character communication on apraxia of speech.

目的探讨文字交流训练对言语失用患者语言康复的影响。

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Apraxia is a collective term used to describe impairment in carrying out purposeful movements.

失用用以描述各种目的性运动障碍。

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Apraxia of speech is observed normally.

言语失用常见；

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